1. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder occurs when which structure is present?

2. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications are used primarily to increase which of the following neurotransmitters?

3. Benzodiazepines work by which of the following:

4. Which of the following therapies is based on a type of learning in which an action is elicited based on the resulting effect of a reward or punishment?

5. A patient complains of hallucinations that occur right before falling asleep. Which of the following conditions is this symptom most associated with?

6. Which cognitive distortion defines a situation in extremes as being “all good or all bad”?

7. A patient with a history of alcohol use disorder is admitted to the hospital with confusion, nystagmus, and tremors. The patient is most likely deficient in which of the following?

8. An accumulation of beta-amyloid plaque is associated with the following:

9. Which teratogenic effects does valproate cause?

10. Serotonin is stored in which of the following brain structures?

11. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder occurs when which structure is present?

12. Which of the following medications is used to treat pruritis (itchy skin)?

13. Which of the following medications is used to treat cataplexy?

14. Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat which of the following?

15. Which of the following structures produces the neurotransmitter involved in the reward/addiction pathway?

16. Co-administering phenelzine with citalopram could result in which of the following?

17. Which of the following medications is a contraindication to electroconvulsive therapy?

18. Which of the following best match the description? “An intrusion into consciousness preceding negative feelings.”

19. Which of the following personality disorders are difficult to treat because of the associated grandiosity

20. Lysergic acid diethylamide primarily acts on which neurotransmitter?

21. What is the classification of bupropion?

22. Second-generation antipsychotics are characterized by their comparative potency for which of the following receptors?

23. Narcolepsy is associated with which of the following symptoms?

24. Where is lithium metabolized?

25. Which of the following medications is a contraindication to the haloperidol?

26. Modafinil is used to treat which of the following?

27. Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder show a reduction in volume in a brain structure that may play a role in disturbed emotional memories. Which of the following embryologic structures give rise to the brain structure decreased in volume?

28. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was first developed to treat which of the following?

29. Which of the following medications is a contraindication for use while taking lithium because it can decrease renal clearance?

30. Symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder start during which phase of the menstrual cycle?

31. A 24-year-old male was brought into the emergency department because he has been “acting odd” for over an eight-month period. He claims that the government has implanted a device in his brain and has been sending him top-secret messages. His roommate said that he stays up all night sometimes talking to people on the phone and spending an excessive amount of money shopping for extravagant clothing. The erratic spending sprees stop after a few weeks but the delusions are consistent. Which of the following best describes this patient?

32. Narcolepsy is caused by a deficiency in which of the following?

33. Which of the following drugs assists with opioid overdose?

34. To be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, an individual must also display which of the following before the age of 15?

35. If a patient fails to respond to treatment of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for obsessive-compulsive disorder, which class of medication is the next line of treatment?

36. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy is a derivative of which therapy?

37. What is ECT?

38. Which of the following medications is used to treat symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

39. A patient is experiencing akathisia, which manifests as feelings of anxiety/ tension and agitation. Which of the following medications are most likely responsible for the symptoms?

40. Which of the following medications is the first line of treatment to treat general anxiety disorder?

41. Females experience depression more than males at a ratio of?

42. Which of the following class of medications are used to manage general anxiety disorder?

43. Posttraumatic stress disorder shows increased metabolic activity in which of the following brain regions?

44. To be diagnosed with a hypomanic episode, an individual needs to show symptoms for at least:

45. Which of the following class of medications is the first-line treatment used for premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

46. Which drug is used to treat postpartum depression?

47. Which of the following is a characteristic of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

48. Valproate causes teratogenicity that affects which of the following germ cell populations?

49. Which of the following best fits the description: diminished responsiveness in a trancelike state while being fully conscious.

50. Divalproex causes the teratogenic effect, spina bifida. Insufficient intake of which of the following can also contribute to neural tube defects?

51. Which of the following is a Cluster C personality disorder?

52. Lysergic acid diethylamide primarily acts on which neurotransmitter?

53. Which of the following drugs assists with opioid overdose?

54. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for atomoxetine?

55. The following personality disorders (narcissistic, borderline, histrionic, antisocial) fall under which cluster?

56. Which of the following is a characteristic of bipolar disorder?

57. Dissociation is most strongly associated with which of the following?

58. A patient falls to the floor after having a laughing spell. Which of the following best describes her symptoms?

59. Applied behavioral therapy draws from which of the following:

60. When light enters the eye, it inhibits which of the following brain structures?